Problem scenario
You want to direct traffic to web servers (e.g., duplicative, stateless web servers). You want to do it without a load balancer (as they can become a bottleneck). What technologies could you use?
Possible Solution #1
Use Round Robin DNS. This DNS system can send traffic to a list of web servers. See more on cloudflare.com.
Possible Solution #2
Use Anycast.
In anycast, a collection of servers share the same IP address and send data from a source computer to the server that is topographically the closest.
https://www.imperva.com/blog/how-anycast-works/
Anycast is one-to-one routing mechanism (unlike a broadcast system).
[W]ith Anycast there are multiple possible destinations and the network itself picks the route that is most preferential.
https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflares-architecture-eliminating-single-p/