What Is The Difference between Unit Testing and Functional Testing?

0 Comments

Question
What is the difference between unit testing and functional testing in the context of professionals using one over the other?

Answer
A user wants to verify that the software behavior is correct from a black-box perspective; this more closely describes functional testing. A programmer is more concerned about the theoretical aspects of the code and its inner workings; this more closely describes unit testing.

…

Continue reading “What Is The Difference between Unit Testing and Functional Testing?”

How Do You Use the “next” Function to Iterate Through an Iterable in Python?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
You want to use the reserved word “next” to parse through an iterable. What do you do?

Solution
Run this six-line program as an illustration:

contint = [ 15, 50, -100, ‘foobar’]
var1=iter(contint)
print(next(var1))
print(next(var1))
print(next(var1))
print(next(var1)) …

Continue reading “How Do You Use the “next” Function to Iterate Through an Iterable in Python?”

How Do You Set Up Apache Kafka on Any Distribution of Linux?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
You want to set up Apache Kafka with a single broker just to test out. How do you do this on any distribution of Linux?

Prerequisite
You must install Zookeeper. If you need assistance, see this posting.

You may want to install screen because this solution will rely on it; you could open duplicate terminals instead of using the screen command.

…

Continue reading “How Do You Set Up Apache Kafka on Any Distribution of Linux?”

What Are Namespaces?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
You have heard of namespaces in programming, DNS, AWS, operating systems, and in the context of managing containers. You want to see the disambiguation of of this term insofar as computing is concerned. What are namespaces in I.T.?

Overview
Names can be bound to different spaces (or subsystems), and this binding varies depending on the technology. Namespacing helps facilitate locally unique identification/resolution of names.

…

Continue reading “What Are Namespaces?”

How Do You Merge Three Files (.jpegs and PDFs) into One PDF?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
You have a non-business project (e.g., a non-commercial, non-professional, non-work-related project). You need to combine individual JPEGs and PDFs into one PDF. How do you do this?

Solution

  1. Print the JPEG(s) to Microsoft Print to PDF. Now the JPEG(s) has (or have) been converted into the PDF format.
  2. Use PDFmate.com to download and install “Free PDF Merger for Windows.”
  3. Open PDFmate Merger.

…

Continue reading “How Do You Merge Three Files (.jpegs and PDFs) into One PDF?”

How Do You Set an Environment Variable for Every User Upon Rebooting a Linux Server?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
Without creating a hard or soft link of a file, how do you set an environment variable for every user after every reboot?

Solution

  1. Update the /etc/environment file so it has this stanza (but replace “JAVA_HOME” with the variable of your choice and replace /usr/bin/java with the path or value of the variable as you desire):

JAVA_HOME=/usr/bin/java

  1. Save the changes of the file.

…

Continue reading “How Do You Set an Environment Variable for Every User Upon Rebooting a Linux Server?”

What Is Second Generation CM?

0 Comments

Question
What is a second generation configuration management tool?

Answer
Page xiii of The DevOps Handbook refers to John Willis characterizing Luke Kanies’ thoughts on configuration mangaement as “second generation CM.” But according to https://www.cmcrossroads.com/article/cm-generations-and-vision-future there are four generations of CM. This may or may not be compatible with what John Willis hand in mind,

…

Continue reading “What Is Second Generation CM?”

What Do You Do If CloudWatch Metrics Are Not Showing Up in the Dashboard?

0 Comments

Problem scenario
You used a .json file and the AWS CLI to configure customized metrics. When you go to the GUI you do not see the graphs. The commands that were run with the .json file completed without errors or problems. How do you get the web console to show the metrics you configured for various AWS components?

Possible Solution #1
CloudWatch metrics are not all necessarily graphed.

…

Continue reading “What Do You Do If CloudWatch Metrics Are Not Showing Up in the Dashboard?”